The novel was written to portray how a a medical issue of that magnitude distorts the balance of a family.
Jodi Picoult had a son who had undergone thirteen surgeries and knew first hand how difficult it can be to deal with so she wrote "My Sister's Keeper".
The novel was published April 6th, 2004. [2]
That I know of this novel has no historical significance other than the history of Jodi's family, since the book was written after her son had gone through so much medically.